SALT LAKE CITY (AP) - Two Western states known for their rugged landscapes and wide-open spaces are bucking the trend of sluggish U.S. population growth, which dipped to the lowest level since the Great Depression, though different forces are powering the population booms in Utah and Idaho.
In Utah, births largely drove the fastest growth in the country over the past decade. In neighboring Idaho, newcomers from California and other states helped it capture the second spot.
"I don't ever remember seeing anything like this," said Bill Rauer, executive officer of the Idaho Building Contractors Association in southwest Idaho, the state's most populous area. "(Builders) are running at a breakneck pace right now."
For both states, which have long been lightly populated, the expansion comes with rapid economic growth, sparking concerns about strains on infrastructure, rising housing prices and a sharp increase in the cost of living that could threaten the area's quality of life in the long term.
As the states tucked between the Rocky Mountains and the West Coast enter the next decade, leaders will have to wrestle with how to keep the growth rolling without letting costs spiral out of control for individual households or straining the natural resources that help draw people to the area.
The majority of Idaho's growth, about 60 percent, has been driven by people moving into the state between 2010-19, according to data from the Census Bureau's American Community Survey. One in five of those came from California, many of them retirees seeking lower housing prices and some of the most pristine wilderness in the continental U.S.
The biggest growth driver in Utah, by contrast, is new births. As home to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, a faith that puts a high value on family, Utah has long been among the states with the highest birth rate, largest households and youngest overall population: 31 years old compared to 38 in the U.S. as a whole in 2019.
While the fertility rate has slowed a bit in recent years, natural growth still accounts for about 70 percent of the state's boom.
"We're still a lot younger and we still have more kids than most states," said Mallory Bateman, a senior research analyst at the University of Utah's Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute.
In-migration was also strong. The state added tech jobs and the landscape of snowy mountains and five national parks promised a strong work-life balance. The state clocked a growth rate of 18.4 percent, more than double the national rate.
That growth has helped power the state's largest economic expansion, increased tourism and expanded the middle class. Amid the massive economic upheaval wrought by the coronavirus pandemic, Utah and Idaho have been ranked among states with the lowest unemployment rates.
But with that good news comes strain. In 2019, Utah housing prices surged nearly 11 percent, while incomes rose less than 4 percent. That trend has accelerated during the pandemic as people spending more time at home look to move to larger spaces while fewer people are putting their houses up for sale.
It's making it harder for young Utah families to follow the path their parents took. Matthew Clewett, 26, and his wife, Bethany, want to have a large family like the ones they grew up in, but high housing costs could put a serious damper on that plan. The couple bid on at least 10 houses in northern Utah before they could close on a starter home for themselves and their infant daughter in March.
"That was the American Dream back then: You got a job, you got married and you didn't really have to have a ton of money to be able to afford a home," said Clewett, who is the public policy director of the Salt Lake Board of Realtors. "Nowadays, it's much harder for the millennial generation to get into a property."
The roots of Utah's housing crisis go back in part to the Great Recession, when many older construction workers decided to get out of the business after the crash of 2008. The labor shortage persisted even as the economy improved and demand for housing increased, said Dejan Eskic, a researcher with the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute who studies housing. There's also less land available to build on.
"For the majority of middle-class Americans, their wealth is tied up in their home. It's been like that for decades," Eskic said. "If you're not able to get into a home, how do you build your household wealth and set your family up?"